Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic five years ago, WIRED has persistently updated its mask recommendations due to changes in availability and evolving health guidance. In addition to this, the threat of toxic air, for instance from wildfire smoke or burning buildings, further emphasizes the necessity of purchasing masks, akin to how people buy first aid kits or medication. Some, like the economical choice of the Honeywell Safety DF300 N95 Flatfold, priced at $23 for 50, are recommended for use on public transport or in theaters. Others, such as IQAir’s KN95/FFP, offered at $70 for 12, are appropriate for times during or following a wildfire. Given the potential disruptions in mask supply chains and the prevalence of counterfeit masks, alongside factors like community illness spread, more frequented and active wildfire seasons, climate change, and sometimes disappearing government advisory pages, having masks readily available is crucial.
A pressing concern is the recent reduction at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) under the Trump administration, which affects the approval of new respirator applications, consequently impacting the compliance and safety of future mask production. Despite masks having expiration dates, now remains a good time to stock up on certified safe and effective varieties.
The publication also provides tips for mask care and choosing appropriate mask straps. Additional resources are available through WIRED’s guides on air purifiers, indoor air quality monitors, and fans.
As of April 2025, new updates have included the IQAir N95/FFP2 Mask, a reusable ChicoBag 3-layered cloth mask, the 3M Particulate Respirator N95 (8511), and the Rugged Comfort Quick Latch Half Facepiece equipped with Multi Gas/Vapor Cartridges. Out-of-stock items have been removed, and prices have been updated accordingly.
Recent advice suggests acquiring masks comes more naturally as personal safety consciousness increases. In 2022, the CDC updated guidance, proclaiming N95 masks as offering the “highest level of protection,” yet emphasizing the importance of wearing any mask correctly. Disposable face masks, such as N95s, KN95s, and KF94s, are highly recommended, with surgical-style masks seen as suitable alternatives when these are unavailable. Cloth masks are suggested only as a last resort due to lower effectiveness.
Fit plays a significant role in mask efficacy. Gaps around masks can allow unfiltered air passage, making snug-fitting N95 masks the preferred choice. Those with heart or lung issues should consult a physician before using these masks as they can make breathing more challenging.
Workplace Performance Masks are designed for nonmedical environments. These masks hold Workplace Performance or Workplace Performance Plus classifications under an ASTM International standard, but are not recommended as substitutes for higher-grade respirators like N95s in high-risk or medical settings.
Avoiding counterfeit masks involves checking for markings and certifications on the masks, with extra vigilance when purchasing from platforms like Amazon that allow third-party sales. Masks from major retailers or US manufacturers are generally reliable.
Additionally, disposable masks can often be reused cautiously, until they are damaged, filthy, or the straps no longer fit tightly. Mask expiration must also be accounted for, as materials and bands can degrade, and life spans can vary from two to five years.
Regarding the mask recommendations for 2025, different environments require specialized mask protection, with respirators necessary in high VOC environments like burning home areas. Choosing the correct respirator involves understanding different protective needs and ensuring proper mask wear.
Several masks are currently recommended as the best in their categories, such as the IQAir N95 for comfort and fit and the 3M Particulate Respirator N95 as a budget-friendly yet effective option. These recommendations include a mix of N95, KN95, KF94, and cloth masks, suiting a range of needs from everyday use to specific environments like wildfire-affected areas.